E2 exposure markedly increases the amount of Irf4 mRNA present in GM-CSF–stimulated myeloid progenitors. MPs were stimulated with GM-CSF and 1nM E2 or vehicle in hormone-deficient medium. At the indicated time points, the amount of gene-specific mRNA was quantified using qPCR of the sample in triplicate. The relative expression of each mRNA was calculated using the ΔΔCt method. (A) Irf4 mRNA was not present at time 0 and was increased significantly in the presence of E2. (B) The fold increase in Irf4 mRNA due to the presence of E2 at early time points was reproducible. Error bars represent the range in 2 independent experiments. (C) Irf8, (D) Id2, and (E) Pu.1 mRNA were present at time 0, as determined by the Ct values, and the relative amounts did not differ in the presence or absence of E2. Data are representative of 2 to 4 independent experiments.