CPX-351 promotes transplantable protective microbial community. Fecal microbiota transplantation in NSG (A) or C57BL/6 (G) mice with DSS-induced colitis. DSS-NSG mice received transplantation with fresh fecal pellets from C57BL/6 mice treated IV with the “7 + 3” combination or CPX-351, as in the legend to Figure 1. Mice were assessed (8 dpi) for (B) weight loss (daily measured), (C) fecal consistency, (D) colon histopathology (PAS staining) and TUNEL assay in the insets, (E) serum endotoxin, and (F) 16S rRNA bacteria expression in mesenteric lymph nodes. (G) DSS-C57BL/6 mice received transplantation with feces taken immediately or a week after the “7 + 3” treatment were evaluated for (H) weight loss and (I) colon histopathology (PAS staining) with the relative histology score. (J) Microbial composition in the feces of C57BL/6 mice after FMT from CPX-351-treated or “7 + 3”–treated mice by targeted polymerase chain reaction. (K) AhR-related and defensin genes expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in ileum and colon of C57BL/6 mice that received transplantation as above. Assays were done a week after FMT. Photographs were taken with a high-resolution microscope (Olympus BX51×); original magnification ×20 (D,I; scale bars, 200 μm). Yellow arrows indicate inflammatory foci. Data are representative of 2 or 3 independent experiments. Each in vivo experiment includes 6 mice per group. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001; ∗∗∗∗P < .0001; FMT CPX-351 vs FMT “7 + 3”; none vs FMT CPX-351 and FMT “7 + 3.” One-way and 2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple comparison test. None, mice treated with DSS alone. FMT “7 + 3”#, FMT with fecal pellets collected one week after the “7+3” treatment.