Enhanced thrombin and FXIIa activities, decreased iron levels, and elevated transferrin levels in plasma of long-term human residents and short-stay mice. (A) Graphical representation of plasma collection from long-term human residents and short-stay mice at different altitudes. (B-C) Relative enzymatic activity of thrombin in human (n = 20) (B) and mouse (n = 30) (C) plasma at different altitudes. (D-E) Relative enzymatic activity of FXIIa in human (n = 30) (D) and mouse (n = 30) (E) plasma at different altitudes. (F-G) Iron level in human (n = 111-128) (F) and mouse (n = 30) (G) plasma at different altitudes. (H-I) Transferrin concentration in human (n = 111-128) (H) and mouse (n = 30) (I) plasma at different altitudes. (J-K) Fibrinogen concentration in human (n = 20) (J) and mouse (n = 30) (K) plasma at different altitudes. Each experiment was independently repeated in triplicate. Data represent mean ± SD. Panels B, G, J, and K, ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01 by unpaired t test; panels C-F, H, and I, ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01 by Mann-Whitney U test.