Genes Induced by Hypoxia
| . | Co2+ DFO . | HIF-1 . |
|---|---|---|
| Erythropoietin | Yes | Yes |
| VEGF | Yes | Yes |
| PDGF-B | Yes | ND |
| TGF-β1 | Yes | ND |
| PLGF | Yes | ND |
| Glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) | Yes | Yes |
| Glucose transporter 2 (Glut-2) | Yes | ND |
| Glucose transporter 3 (Glut-3) | Yes | ND |
| Phosphofructokinase L (PFK-L) | Yes | Yes |
| Phosphofructokinase C (PFK-C) | Yes | ND |
| Aldolase A (ALD-A) | Yes | Yes |
| Aldolase C (ALD-C) | Yes | ND |
| Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) | ND | ND |
| Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) | Yes | ND |
| Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1) | Yes | Yes |
| Enolase-1 | Yes | Yes |
| Pyruvate kinase M | Yes | ND |
| Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) | Yes | Yes |
| Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) | Yes | ND |
| Mitochondrially encoded genes | No | No |
| Tyrosine hydroxylase | Yes | Yes |
| Endothelin 1 | Yes | ND |
| Heme oxygenase | Yes | Yes |
| Nitric oxide synthase | Yes | Yes |
| Transferrin | Yes | Yes |
| Retrotransposon VL30 | Yes | Yes |
| Tissue factor | Yes | Yes |
| Adenylate kinase 3 | Yes | Yes |
| c-fos | Yes | ND |
| c-jun | Yes | ND |
| p35srj | Yes | Yes |
| . | Co2+ DFO . | HIF-1 . |
|---|---|---|
| Erythropoietin | Yes | Yes |
| VEGF | Yes | Yes |
| PDGF-B | Yes | ND |
| TGF-β1 | Yes | ND |
| PLGF | Yes | ND |
| Glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) | Yes | Yes |
| Glucose transporter 2 (Glut-2) | Yes | ND |
| Glucose transporter 3 (Glut-3) | Yes | ND |
| Phosphofructokinase L (PFK-L) | Yes | Yes |
| Phosphofructokinase C (PFK-C) | Yes | ND |
| Aldolase A (ALD-A) | Yes | Yes |
| Aldolase C (ALD-C) | Yes | ND |
| Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) | ND | ND |
| Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) | Yes | ND |
| Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1) | Yes | Yes |
| Enolase-1 | Yes | Yes |
| Pyruvate kinase M | Yes | ND |
| Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) | Yes | Yes |
| Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) | Yes | ND |
| Mitochondrially encoded genes | No | No |
| Tyrosine hydroxylase | Yes | Yes |
| Endothelin 1 | Yes | ND |
| Heme oxygenase | Yes | Yes |
| Nitric oxide synthase | Yes | Yes |
| Transferrin | Yes | Yes |
| Retrotransposon VL30 | Yes | Yes |
| Tissue factor | Yes | Yes |
| Adenylate kinase 3 | Yes | Yes |
| c-fos | Yes | ND |
| c-jun | Yes | ND |
| p35srj | Yes | Yes |
The first set of genes encode growth factors, the second set of genes encode enzymes or transporters involved in glucose metabolism, and the third set of genes encode proteins with a wide range of functions. The middle column indicates whether the gene has been shown to be induced by cobalt and/or DFO, thereby implicating the same or a similar mechanism of oxygen sensing. The column on the right indicates whether HIF-1 involvement has been demonstrated either by identification of a functional HIF-1 site or by the lack of hypoxic induction in ARNT deficient cells. Expression of the PLGF and Glut-2 genes is decreased by hypoxia. Induction of the PEPCK gene by glucagon is blocked by hypoxia.
Abbreviation: ND, not determined.