Erythropoiesis-stimulating compounds and techniques prohibited in sports
| Compound/technique . | Manufacturer . | Development/approval status . | Pharmacologic references . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recombinant products | |||
| Originator epoetins (α, β, θ), biosimilar epoetins (α, κ, ζ) | Recombinant DNA technology Epo-transfected CHO cells | Country- and product-specific marketing authorization in North America, Australia, Asia, European Union | 28(R), 29(R), 46(R), 58(R) |
| Epoetin-α copies | Epo-transfected CHO cells | Marketed in Asia, Central and South America, Africa | 29(R), 46(R), 125(R) |
| Epoetin-ω | Epo-transfected BHK cells | Marketed in South Africa | 46(R) |
| Epoetin-δ | Cytomegalovirus promoter-transfected HT-1080 cells | No longer available (marketing stopped in 2009) | 29(R), 46(R), 125(R) |
| Methoxy-PEG-epoetin-β | Epo-transfected CHO cells, pegylated | Marketed in European Union and Asia | 29(R), 45(R), 46(R) |
| Darbepoetin-alfa | Mutated Epo-transfected CHO cells, hyperglycosylated | Marketed in European Union, North America, Australia, Asia | 42, 43, 29(R), 46(R) |
| Epo fusion proteins | Recombinant DNA technology | Clinical trials | 48, 125(R) |
| Epo-Epo, Epo-Fc, Epo-βHCG | |||
| Peptidic Epo mimetics | Chemical synthesis | Clinical trials | 29(R), 46(R) |
| Pegisenatide | PEG coupled | 49,–51 | |
| CNTO 528, CNTO 530 | Fused to recombinant immunoglobulin | 52, 53 | |
| Epo gene activators | Chemical synthesis | 125(R) | |
| HIF stabilizers | 55(R), 65(R), 66(R) | ||
| Cobalt | Unapproved administration | 59, 61, 60(R) | |
| α-Ketoglutarate competitors | Clinical trials | 67 | |
| GATA inactivators | Preclinical trials | 68,–70 | |
| Epo gene transfer | In vivo gene transfer | Preclinical trials | 71,,,–75 |
| In vitro gene transfer | Clinical trials | 79 |
| Compound/technique . | Manufacturer . | Development/approval status . | Pharmacologic references . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recombinant products | |||
| Originator epoetins (α, β, θ), biosimilar epoetins (α, κ, ζ) | Recombinant DNA technology Epo-transfected CHO cells | Country- and product-specific marketing authorization in North America, Australia, Asia, European Union | 28(R), 29(R), 46(R), 58(R) |
| Epoetin-α copies | Epo-transfected CHO cells | Marketed in Asia, Central and South America, Africa | 29(R), 46(R), 125(R) |
| Epoetin-ω | Epo-transfected BHK cells | Marketed in South Africa | 46(R) |
| Epoetin-δ | Cytomegalovirus promoter-transfected HT-1080 cells | No longer available (marketing stopped in 2009) | 29(R), 46(R), 125(R) |
| Methoxy-PEG-epoetin-β | Epo-transfected CHO cells, pegylated | Marketed in European Union and Asia | 29(R), 45(R), 46(R) |
| Darbepoetin-alfa | Mutated Epo-transfected CHO cells, hyperglycosylated | Marketed in European Union, North America, Australia, Asia | 42, 43, 29(R), 46(R) |
| Epo fusion proteins | Recombinant DNA technology | Clinical trials | 48, 125(R) |
| Epo-Epo, Epo-Fc, Epo-βHCG | |||
| Peptidic Epo mimetics | Chemical synthesis | Clinical trials | 29(R), 46(R) |
| Pegisenatide | PEG coupled | 49,–51 | |
| CNTO 528, CNTO 530 | Fused to recombinant immunoglobulin | 52, 53 | |
| Epo gene activators | Chemical synthesis | 125(R) | |
| HIF stabilizers | 55(R), 65(R), 66(R) | ||
| Cobalt | Unapproved administration | 59, 61, 60(R) | |
| α-Ketoglutarate competitors | Clinical trials | 67 | |
| GATA inactivators | Preclinical trials | 68,–70 | |
| Epo gene transfer | In vivo gene transfer | Preclinical trials | 71,,,–75 |
| In vitro gene transfer | Clinical trials | 79 |
Modified from Jelkmann.125
(R) indicates review.