Baseline characteristics of participants
| Baseline characteristic . | Total cohort (N = 839) . | Active vitamin D (n = 203) . | Active omega-3 (n = 224) . | Active vitamin D + omega-3 (n = 198) . | Both placebo (n = 214) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 64.8 (6.4) | 64.5 (6.0) | 65.0 (6.5) | 64.5 (6.5) | 65.1 (6.6) | .67 |
| Median (IQR) | 64.3 (60.3-69.0) | 64.2 (60.3-68.2) | 64.3 (60.1-68.9) | 63.8 (60.3-69.2) | 64.5 (60.4-69.2) | .83 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 450 (53.6) | 111 (54.7) | 116 (51.8) | 105 (53.0) | 118 (55.1) | .89 |
| Female | 389 (46.4) | 92 (45.3) | 108 (48.2) | 93 (47.0) | 96 (44.9) | |
| Race/ethnicity∗,† | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 709 (86.1) | 169 (84.1) | 181 (83.0) | 171 (88.1) | 188 (89.5) | .16 |
| Non-White‡ | 114 (13.9) | 32 (15.9) | 37 (17.0) | 23 (11.9) | 22 (10.5) | |
| BMI§ | 26.3 (24.0-29.6) | 26.4 (23.7-29.0) | 26.6 (24.4-30.3) | 26.0 (24.1-29.2) | 25.7 (23.6-29.7) | .17 |
| Hemoglobin,§ g/dL | 13.7 (13.1-14.5) | 13.8 (13.2-14.4) | 13.7 (13.1-14.4) | 13.7 (13.0-14.5) | 13.8 (13.0-14.6) | .91 |
| MCV,§,‖ fL | 91.0 (88.0-93.0) | 91.0 (88.0-93.0) | 91.0 (88.5-93.0) | 91.0 (88.0-93.0) | 90.5 (88.0-93.0) | .60 |
| 25(OH)-vitamin D,§ ng/mL | 28.0 (22.0-34.0) | 27.0 (22.0-34.0) | 29.0 (20.5-34.0) | 28.0 (22.0-33.0) | 29.0 (24.0-33.0) | .23 |
| Cr,§ mg/dL | 0.82 (0.71-0.94) | 0.80 (0.70-0.93) | 0.83 (0.72-0.95) | 0.84 (0.72-0.93) | 0.82 (0.71-0.97) | .53 |
| IL-6,§,¶ pg/mL | 2.3 (1.7-3.4) | 2.5 (1.8-3.8) | 2.4 (1.8-3.4) | 2.1 (1.7-3.3) | 2.1 (1.7-3.1) | .06 |
| CRP,‡,# mg/L | 1.2 (0.6-2.6) | 1.0 (0.5-2.5) | 1.4 (0.6-2.8) | 1.3 (0.6-2.5) | 1.1 (0.6-2.4) | .36 |
| Total fish intake, servings per wk | 1.87 (0.93-2.93) | 1.87 (0.93-2.93) | 1.87 (1.00-2.47) | 1.93 (1.40-3.00) | 1.93 (1.00-2.93) | .34 |
| Baseline characteristic . | Total cohort (N = 839) . | Active vitamin D (n = 203) . | Active omega-3 (n = 224) . | Active vitamin D + omega-3 (n = 198) . | Both placebo (n = 214) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 64.8 (6.4) | 64.5 (6.0) | 65.0 (6.5) | 64.5 (6.5) | 65.1 (6.6) | .67 |
| Median (IQR) | 64.3 (60.3-69.0) | 64.2 (60.3-68.2) | 64.3 (60.1-68.9) | 63.8 (60.3-69.2) | 64.5 (60.4-69.2) | .83 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 450 (53.6) | 111 (54.7) | 116 (51.8) | 105 (53.0) | 118 (55.1) | .89 |
| Female | 389 (46.4) | 92 (45.3) | 108 (48.2) | 93 (47.0) | 96 (44.9) | |
| Race/ethnicity∗,† | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 709 (86.1) | 169 (84.1) | 181 (83.0) | 171 (88.1) | 188 (89.5) | .16 |
| Non-White‡ | 114 (13.9) | 32 (15.9) | 37 (17.0) | 23 (11.9) | 22 (10.5) | |
| BMI§ | 26.3 (24.0-29.6) | 26.4 (23.7-29.0) | 26.6 (24.4-30.3) | 26.0 (24.1-29.2) | 25.7 (23.6-29.7) | .17 |
| Hemoglobin,§ g/dL | 13.7 (13.1-14.5) | 13.8 (13.2-14.4) | 13.7 (13.1-14.4) | 13.7 (13.0-14.5) | 13.8 (13.0-14.6) | .91 |
| MCV,§,‖ fL | 91.0 (88.0-93.0) | 91.0 (88.0-93.0) | 91.0 (88.5-93.0) | 91.0 (88.0-93.0) | 90.5 (88.0-93.0) | .60 |
| 25(OH)-vitamin D,§ ng/mL | 28.0 (22.0-34.0) | 27.0 (22.0-34.0) | 29.0 (20.5-34.0) | 28.0 (22.0-33.0) | 29.0 (24.0-33.0) | .23 |
| Cr,§ mg/dL | 0.82 (0.71-0.94) | 0.80 (0.70-0.93) | 0.83 (0.72-0.95) | 0.84 (0.72-0.93) | 0.82 (0.71-0.97) | .53 |
| IL-6,§,¶ pg/mL | 2.3 (1.7-3.4) | 2.5 (1.8-3.8) | 2.4 (1.8-3.4) | 2.1 (1.7-3.3) | 2.1 (1.7-3.1) | .06 |
| CRP,‡,# mg/L | 1.2 (0.6-2.6) | 1.0 (0.5-2.5) | 1.4 (0.6-2.8) | 1.3 (0.6-2.5) | 1.1 (0.6-2.4) | .36 |
| Total fish intake, servings per wk | 1.87 (0.93-2.93) | 1.87 (0.93-2.93) | 1.87 (1.00-2.47) | 1.93 (1.40-3.00) | 1.93 (1.00-2.93) | .34 |
Data are presented as n (%) and median (IQR) unless otherwise specified.
BMI, body mass index; Cr, creatinine; MCV, mean corpuscular volume.
P value calculated using non-Hispanic White as the reference group.
Sample size for race/ethnicity of 823 with 16 missing data points.
Non-White includes African American, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and other/unknown.
P values were calculated using nonparametric tests given nonnormal distributions.
Sample size for MCV of 838 with 1 missing data point.
Sample size for IL-6 of 563 with 276 missing data points.
Sample size for CRP of 833 with 6 missing data points.