Baseline demographic and clinical laboratory characteristics by PA status at study entry
| Characteristic . | All patients (N) . | No PA . | PA . | P value . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n . | Median (Q1, Q3) or n (%) . | n . | Median (Q1, Q3) or n (%) . | |||
| Age (y) | 178 | 119 | 27 (23, 36) | 59 | 35 (27.5, 43) | .001 |
| Sex (female) | 178 | 66 | 66 (55) | 30 | 30 (51) | .67 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 170 | 114 | 23 (20.625, 28.2) | 56 | 22.85 (21.05, 26.725) | .70 |
| Height (cm) | 171 | 115 | 167.7 (160.01, 175.5) | 56 | 170 (163, 175.945) | .49 |
| Weight (kg) | 177 | 118 | 67.95 (59.225, 78.7) | 59 | 67 (61.4, 72.3) | .84 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 178 | 119 | 113 (108, 121.5) | 59 | 118 (108, 133.5) | .04 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 178 | 119 | 66 (62, 71.5) | 59 | 70 (65, 77) | .004 |
| While blood cell count (×109/L) | 174 | 116 | 8 (5.975, 10.725) | 58 | 9.8 (7.5, 11.6) | .02 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 175 | 116 | 9.2 (8.375, 10.1) | 59 | 8.3 (7.5, 8.95) | <.0001 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 175 | 116 | 374 (290, 475.5) | 59 | 349 (252, 466.5) | .36 |
| Absolute reticulocyte count (×109/L) | 173 | 115 | 202.9 (119.1, 301.4) | 58 | 192.6 (144.8, 265.0) | .75 |
| Hemoglobin F (%) | 172 | 115 | 10.5 (5.25, 16.1) | 57 | 6.4 (3.6, 12.4) | .006 |
| Hemoglobin S (%) | 172 | 115 | 80.4 (72.1, 85.35) | 57 | 80.8 (72.7, 89.2) | .23 |
| eGFR (creatinine-based equation [mL/min per 1.73 m2]) | 178 | 119 | 126.481 (114.4, 133.8) | 59 | 118.117 (103.8, 133.4) | .17 |
| eGFR (cystatin C–based equation [mL/min per 1.73 m2]) | 172 | 113 | 125.2 (104.3, 135.0) | 59 | 120.6 (85.5, 133.1) | .15 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 178 | 119 | 2.3 (1.55, 4.35) | 59 | 2.6 (2, 3.95) | .21 |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 153 | 104 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 49 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | <.001 |
| Indirect bilirubin (mg/dL) | 153 | 104 | 2.0 (0.98, 3.6) | 49 | 2 (1.6, 2.9) | .25 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 178 | 119 | 139 (137.5, 140) | 59 | 139 (137, 141) | .36 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 178 | 119 | 106 (103, 107.5) | 59 | 107 (104.5, 109) | .07 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 177 | 119 | 4.3 (3.95, 4.6) | 58 | 4.3 (4, 4.6) | .36 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 178 | 119 | 8 (6, 10) | 59 | 9 (6, 12) | .29 |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 177 | 119 | 32 (25, 43.5) | 58 | 42 (29.3, 49.5) | .003 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 177 | 119 | 24 (17, 36) | 58 | 24.5 (17, 35.8) | .93 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 177 | 119 | 79 (63, 101) | 58 | 90.5 (69.3, 126.3) | .04 |
| Urine micro ACR (mg/g) | 178 | 119 | 12.3 (7.9, 21.6) | 59 | 158.8 (101.6, 466) | <.0001 |
| Use of NSAIDs (yes) | 178 | 58 | 58 (49) | 17 | 17 (29) | .02 |
| Use of hydroxyurea (yes) | 178 | 92 | 92 (77) | 43 | 43 (73) | .64 |
| Use of ACE inhibitors/ARBs (yes) | 178 | 14 | 14 (12) | 20 | 20 (34) | <.001 |
| H/O acute chest syndrome (yes) | 178 | 81 | 81 (68) | 44 | 44 (75) | .47 |
| H/O stroke (yes) | 178 | 17 | 17 (14) | 7 | 7 (12) | .83 |
| H/O leg ulcers (yes) | 178 | 5 | 5 (4) | 8 | 8 (14) | .05 |
| H/O avascular necrosis (yes) | 178 | 28 | 28 (24) | 11 | 11 (19) | .58 |
| H/O priapism∗ (yes) | 82 | 17 | 17 (14) | 10 | 10 (34) | .90 |
| H/O diabetes mellitus (yes) | 178 | 2 | 2 (2) | 0 | 0 (0) | .81 |
| Characteristic . | All patients (N) . | No PA . | PA . | P value . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n . | Median (Q1, Q3) or n (%) . | n . | Median (Q1, Q3) or n (%) . | |||
| Age (y) | 178 | 119 | 27 (23, 36) | 59 | 35 (27.5, 43) | .001 |
| Sex (female) | 178 | 66 | 66 (55) | 30 | 30 (51) | .67 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 170 | 114 | 23 (20.625, 28.2) | 56 | 22.85 (21.05, 26.725) | .70 |
| Height (cm) | 171 | 115 | 167.7 (160.01, 175.5) | 56 | 170 (163, 175.945) | .49 |
| Weight (kg) | 177 | 118 | 67.95 (59.225, 78.7) | 59 | 67 (61.4, 72.3) | .84 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 178 | 119 | 113 (108, 121.5) | 59 | 118 (108, 133.5) | .04 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 178 | 119 | 66 (62, 71.5) | 59 | 70 (65, 77) | .004 |
| While blood cell count (×109/L) | 174 | 116 | 8 (5.975, 10.725) | 58 | 9.8 (7.5, 11.6) | .02 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 175 | 116 | 9.2 (8.375, 10.1) | 59 | 8.3 (7.5, 8.95) | <.0001 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 175 | 116 | 374 (290, 475.5) | 59 | 349 (252, 466.5) | .36 |
| Absolute reticulocyte count (×109/L) | 173 | 115 | 202.9 (119.1, 301.4) | 58 | 192.6 (144.8, 265.0) | .75 |
| Hemoglobin F (%) | 172 | 115 | 10.5 (5.25, 16.1) | 57 | 6.4 (3.6, 12.4) | .006 |
| Hemoglobin S (%) | 172 | 115 | 80.4 (72.1, 85.35) | 57 | 80.8 (72.7, 89.2) | .23 |
| eGFR (creatinine-based equation [mL/min per 1.73 m2]) | 178 | 119 | 126.481 (114.4, 133.8) | 59 | 118.117 (103.8, 133.4) | .17 |
| eGFR (cystatin C–based equation [mL/min per 1.73 m2]) | 172 | 113 | 125.2 (104.3, 135.0) | 59 | 120.6 (85.5, 133.1) | .15 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 178 | 119 | 2.3 (1.55, 4.35) | 59 | 2.6 (2, 3.95) | .21 |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 153 | 104 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 49 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | <.001 |
| Indirect bilirubin (mg/dL) | 153 | 104 | 2.0 (0.98, 3.6) | 49 | 2 (1.6, 2.9) | .25 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 178 | 119 | 139 (137.5, 140) | 59 | 139 (137, 141) | .36 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 178 | 119 | 106 (103, 107.5) | 59 | 107 (104.5, 109) | .07 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 177 | 119 | 4.3 (3.95, 4.6) | 58 | 4.3 (4, 4.6) | .36 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 178 | 119 | 8 (6, 10) | 59 | 9 (6, 12) | .29 |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 177 | 119 | 32 (25, 43.5) | 58 | 42 (29.3, 49.5) | .003 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 177 | 119 | 24 (17, 36) | 58 | 24.5 (17, 35.8) | .93 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 177 | 119 | 79 (63, 101) | 58 | 90.5 (69.3, 126.3) | .04 |
| Urine micro ACR (mg/g) | 178 | 119 | 12.3 (7.9, 21.6) | 59 | 158.8 (101.6, 466) | <.0001 |
| Use of NSAIDs (yes) | 178 | 58 | 58 (49) | 17 | 17 (29) | .02 |
| Use of hydroxyurea (yes) | 178 | 92 | 92 (77) | 43 | 43 (73) | .64 |
| Use of ACE inhibitors/ARBs (yes) | 178 | 14 | 14 (12) | 20 | 20 (34) | <.001 |
| H/O acute chest syndrome (yes) | 178 | 81 | 81 (68) | 44 | 44 (75) | .47 |
| H/O stroke (yes) | 178 | 17 | 17 (14) | 7 | 7 (12) | .83 |
| H/O leg ulcers (yes) | 178 | 5 | 5 (4) | 8 | 8 (14) | .05 |
| H/O avascular necrosis (yes) | 178 | 28 | 28 (24) | 11 | 11 (19) | .58 |
| H/O priapism∗ (yes) | 82 | 17 | 17 (14) | 10 | 10 (34) | .90 |
| H/O diabetes mellitus (yes) | 178 | 2 | 2 (2) | 0 | 0 (0) | .81 |
P values are calculated from χ2 tests or Fisher exact tests if expected cell counts were small for comparing categorial characteristics and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests for comparing continuous characteristics across strata. Significant results are indicated in boldface type.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; H/O, history of; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
This complication occurs only in male patients.