Table 3. Survey results on perceptions... | American Society of Hematology

Table 3.

Survey results on perceptions of SCD and stigma in health care providers and community members

Country	Respondent group	Key perceptions and beliefs about SCD	Stigma level	References
Ghana	Health care providers	SCD seen as a manageable condition; mixed attitudes toward pain	Moderate	Dennis-Antwi et al⁷; manuscript case study
	Community members	SCD often viewed as a spiritual affliction	High	Anie et al¹²; manuscript case study
Nigeria	Health care providers	Varied understanding of SCD; some skepticism about pain reports	Moderate to high	Adigwe et al¹³
	Community members	SCD perceived as a curse or result of ancestral sins	High	Anie et al¹²; Munung et al¹⁴
Mali	Health care providers	Basic understanding of SCD; limited resources for pain management	Low to moderate	Diallo et al¹⁰
Congo	Community members	SCD seen as supernatural; leads to social exclusion	High	Lelo et al¹⁶
Tanzania	Health care providers	Acknowledgment of SCD's impact but skepticism	Moderate	Munung et al¹⁴
	Community members	Misconceptions about SCD origins; stigma prevalent	High	Anie et al¹²; Munung et al¹⁴ 2024
Cameroon	Health care providers	Recognition of SCD challenges but limited training	Moderate	Munung et al¹⁴
	Community members	Beliefs linking SCD to breaking taboos	High	Munung et al¹⁴

Country	Respondent group	Key perceptions and beliefs about SCD	Stigma level	References
Ghana	Health care providers	SCD seen as a manageable condition; mixed attitudes toward pain	Moderate	Dennis-Antwi et al⁷; manuscript case study
	Community members	SCD often viewed as a spiritual affliction	High	Anie et al¹²; manuscript case study
Nigeria	Health care providers	Varied understanding of SCD; some skepticism about pain reports	Moderate to high	Adigwe et al¹³
	Community members	SCD perceived as a curse or result of ancestral sins	High	Anie et al¹²; Munung et al¹⁴
Mali	Health care providers	Basic understanding of SCD; limited resources for pain management	Low to moderate	Diallo et al¹⁰
Congo	Community members	SCD seen as supernatural; leads to social exclusion	High	Lelo et al¹⁶
Tanzania	Health care providers	Acknowledgment of SCD's impact but skepticism	Moderate	Munung et al¹⁴
	Community members	Misconceptions about SCD origins; stigma prevalent	High	Anie et al¹²; Munung et al¹⁴ 2024
Cameroon	Health care providers	Recognition of SCD challenges but limited training	Moderate	Munung et al¹⁴
	Community members	Beliefs linking SCD to breaking taboos	High	Munung et al¹⁴